Presidents And Immigration Policies 1861-1921

This is the second of four entries on Presidents and Immigration Policies, covering the years 1861-1921, from Abraham Lincoln through the administration of Woodrow Wilson.

Under Abraham Lincoln, immigration was encouraged, with many immigrants, particularly German nationals, participating in Civil War military battles, and the Homestead Act of 1862 actively recruited immigrants.

The same pro immigration policies were pursued with the growth of industrial expansion, under Andrew Johnson, Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, and James A. Garfield.

Sadly, however in the Presidency of Chester Alan Arthur, anti Chinese hatreds led to the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, the first major racial immigration restriction in American history, legislation that was renewed and continued as policy until American participation in World War II in 1943.

Grover Cleveland continued a similar policy and under Benjamin Harrison, the US Government established federal control of immigration, under the Immigration Act of 1891.

Similar restrictive policies toward Chinese and other Asian immigration continued under William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, and William Howard Taft with talk about “True Americanism” under Roosevelt.

Under Woodrow Wilson, restrictive immigration legislation on literacy tests was passed over his veto, amid growing fear of Catholic and Jewish immigration being perceived as a danger to America. And Wilson was very much a denier of basic civil liberties, and his open racism was made clear as promoting restrictions.

Tragically, massive restrictions on immigration and open anti Catholic and anti semitic beliefs would become dominant starting in the 1920s through 1965, the subject of the next entry on Presidents and Immigration Policies.

Presidents And Immigration Policies: 1789-1861

The issue of immigration has been a divisive part of American History from the beginning of the nation under the Constitution in 1789.

Between the Presidency of George Washington and James Buchanan (1789-1861), the general policy was Pro Immigration, with the major exception of John Adams’ Presidency 1797-1801, where the Alien and Sedition Acts were signed and enforced.

Then, that discriminatory legislation was repealed under his successor, Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809), although Jefferson at times expressed concern about the trend of immigration expansion.

French immigration was the major issue that led Adams to support and sign limitations on immigrants, and enforcing a 14 year reqirement to apply for citizenship.

Later Presidents through James Buchanan encouraged immigration, although in the late 1840s and 1850s, there was growing nativism toward Catholic immigrants from Ireland and the German states.

This was based on fear of the Pope being a threat to the heavily Protestant religion of the vast majority of Americans.

So there were some urban riots and violence against the fear of Catholic migration.

The Problematical Senator John Fetterman, Who Could Prevent A Democratic Majority In The US Senate, Even If Democrats Gain Four Seats To A Majority

Democratic Senator John Fetterman of Pennsylvania has become a growing problem for the party, as his commitment to his job as a Senator, and his commitment to the Democratic Party, is becoming an alarm bell.

Since Fetterman had a stroke in 2022 before the election for the Senate, and was in a mental hospital for clinical depression for two months in early 2023, his behavior and personality have changed dramatically, with former staff members claiming he has displayed erratic behavior.

Fetterman fails to meet his constituents in town halls or appear at important meetings inside and outside the Senate.

His behavior, including wearing inappropriate clothing (hoodie, sweatshirt and shorts) in the Senate and elsewhere, marks him as an oddity, and as a gadfly, and he has expressed discontent with the party that elected him to the Senate in 2022.

It makes many of his colleagues and many others to wonder if at some point, if the Democrats were to win a gain of four seats in November 2026, that he might switch parties to the Republicans, destroying the ability of Democrats to control the majority, and pursue their agenda and investigate the corruption, scandals, and power grabbing of President Donald Trump.

Many former Senate staff members have reported on his lack of interest in doing his job as a Senator, and have pointed out that his major goals seem to be to cultivate relationships with conservative media figures, and advocate for the Israeli government, despite their endless war against Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank.

Fetterman has become an unreliable gadfly, and a “lone wolf” that reminds many of Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona and Joe Manchin of West Virginia, who often worked against their Democratic colleagues.

As Lieutenant Governor (2019-2023) under Governor Tom Wolf, he did not get along with the governor, and Wolfe continued to express issues with Fetterman’s behavior and poor approach in dealing with the Democratic Party and with constituents.

Newly elected Governor Josh Shapiro, since 2023, has also had issues with Fetterman and his unwillingness to conform to normal standards and interactions with his party and the state government.

Fetterman has often supported Donald Trump, on his pursuit of control of Greenland, and most notably, the Iran War.

There are at least three present or former members of the House of Representatives delegation, who are seen as potential challengers for Fetterman in the upcoming 2028 Senate race:

Conor Lamb (2018-2023) who lost to Fetterman in the Senate primary in 2022; Brendan Boyle since 2015; and Chris DeLuzio since 2023.

It seems certain there will be a primary battle for this Pennsylvania Senate seat in 2028, and the question is whether Fetterman will have switched to the Republican Party before that election, as he is seen as totally unreliable and unstable.

An All Time Record Of Eight African American Candidates For Governor In Midterm Elections Of 2026!

In the midst of the Trump Administration being involved in massive attacks on Civil Rights, an all time record of eight African American candidates to become Governors of their states are competing in the Midterm Elections of 2026.

Only three elected Democratic Governors have ever served—Douglas Wilder in Virginia (1989-1993); Deval Patrick in Massachusetts (2007-2015); and Wes Moore, finishing his first term as Governor of Maryland (2023-2027) and seeking reelection, and rumored to be a future Presidential contender in 2028.

Additionally, New York Lieutenant Governor David Paterson succeeded to the Governorship (2008-2010), after Governor Eliot Spitzer resigned due to scandals, that marred his brief Governorship, but Patterson had corruption issues arise, and he did not run to be elected in 2010.

Several African American candidates for Governor have lost, including: Democrats Stacey Abrams in Georgia to Brian Kemp in 2018 and 2022 and Shawn Wilson in Louisiana to Jeff Landry in 2023; and Republicans Daniel Cameron in Kentucky to Andy Beshear in 2023; Mark Robinson in North Carolina to Josh Stein in 2024; and Winsome Earl-Sears in Virginia to Abigail Spanberger in 2025.

In the 2026 Midterm Elections, there are five Democrats and three Republicans running for Governor, with several believed to be likely to win.

The most likely successes will be Wes Moore, running for relection in Maryland; David Crowley in Wisconsin; Aaron Ford in Nevada; and Keisha Lance Bottoms in Georgia, all Democrats; and Byron Donalds, in Florida, a Republican.

Republican John James in Michigan; Democrat Jermaine Johnson in South Carolina; and Republican Lisa Demuth in Minnesota are considered long shots, unlikely to win.

Historically, Midterm Elections Favor Party Opposing The President!!

With the Midterm Congressional Elections of 2026 now two months away, the odds look good for Democrats to regain control of the House of Representatives and the US Senate under Republican President Donald Trump.

The Republicans are trying to argue that such will not happen, but history tells us this is a normal scenario throughout most of history, particularly since 1946, the first midterm after World War II.

The only times that this scenario did not occur was in 1998 under Bill Clinton, and 2002 under George W. Bush.

In 1998, the Democrats actually gained 4 seats in the House, and kept the 45 seats they had in the Senate, so the Republicans actually gained nothing in that election year, although they continued to have control of both houses of Congress.

In 2002, with September 11 being an influential factor, the Republican Party actually gained 8 seats in the House, and 2 seats in the Senate, therefore actually gaining control of the upper chamber after being in the minority previously.

But otherwise, the party out of power in Congress ended up gaining control in 1946, with Republicans gaining control of both houses of Congress under Harry Truman, with Democrats losing 54 seats in the House and 10 in the Senate.

In 1950, Truman’s Democratic Party kept control of Congress, but lost 28 seats in the House and 5 seats in the Senate.

Under Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1954, the Republicans lost control of both houses of Congress, which they had won in 1952, losing 18 seats in the House and 2 seats in the Senate.

In 1958, Eisenhower saw a loss of 48 seats in the House and 12 seats in the Senate.

In 1962, in the midst of the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Democrats lost 4 seats in the House of Representatives, but gained 4 seats in the US Senate.

In 1966, in the midst of the Vietnam War under Lyndon B. Johnson, the Democrats lost 47 seats in the House, and 3 seats in the Senate, but still had massive margins.

Under Richard Nixon, in 1970, 12 Republican seats were lost in the House, but 2 seats were gained in the Senate.

Under Gerald Ford in 1974, in the midst of the Watergate Scandal and the resignation of Richard Nixon, the Republicans lost 48 seats in the House and 4 seats in the Senate.

Under Jimmy Carter in 1978, Democrats lost 15 seats in the House and 2 seats in the Senate, but retained control of both houses of Congress.

Under Ronald Reagan in 1982, Republicans lost 26 seats in the House and no seats in the Senate. Then, in 1986, Republicans lost 5 seats in the House, and lost 8 seats in the Senate, losing control of that chamber it had gained in 1980.

Under George H. W. Bush in 1990,, the Republicans lost 8 seats in the House and 1 seat in the Senate.

Under Bill Clinton in 1994, the Democrats lost control of both houses as part of the “Republican Revolution”, losing 54 seats in the House and 9 seats in the Senate. Then, in 1998, a surprise as Democrats gained 4 seats in the House and no change in the Senate, while the Republicans kept control.

Under George W. Bush in 2002, after September 11, the Republicans gained 8 seats in the House and two seats in the Senate, gaining the majority in the Senate. But in 2006, Republicans lost control of both houses of Congress, losing 32 seats in the House and 6 seats in the Senate.

Under Barack Obama in 2010, the Democrats lost the massive number of 63 seats in the House, and 6 in the Senate, losing control of the House to the Republicans. In 2014, the Democrats lost 13 seats in the House and 9 seats in the Senate, losing control of the Senate to the Republicans.

Under Donald Trump’s first term, in 2018, the Republicans lost control of the House, losing 41 seats, but gained two seats in the Senate, and retained the majority in the Senate.

Finally, under Joe Biden in 2022, Democrats lost control of the House by 9 seats, but gained one in the Senate, and kept control.

In 2026, two months from now, we will see what transpires.

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Potential Democratic Presidential Contenders In The Presidential Election of 2028

Yesterday, this author and blogger outlined and discussed the potential list of Republican Presidential contenders in the Presidential Election of 2028.

Today, we will outline the list of potential Democratic Presidential contenders, which is much longer a list than the 13 Republicans seen as likely to run in 2028 primaries.

In no special order, the list includes the following, a total of 21 potential nominees:

Senator Jon Ossoff of Georgia
Senator Raphael Warnock of Georgia
Governor Wes Moore of Maryland
Former Vice President Kamala Harris of California
Outgoing Governor Gavin Newsom of California
Governor Josh Shapiro of Pennsylvania
Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York
Senator Mark Kelly of Arizona
Former Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg (now from Michigan)
Governor JB Pritzker of Illinois
Governor Andy Beshear of Kentucky
Outgoing Governor Jared Polis of Colorado
Senator Cory Booker of New Jersey
Senator Elissa Slotkin of Michigan
Senator Chris Murphy of Connecticut
Senator Ruben Gallego of Arizona
Former Ambassador to Japan Rahm Emanuel
Congressman Ro Khanna of California
Outgoing Governor Gretchen Whitmer of Michigan
Former Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo of Rhode Island
Senator Chris Van Hollen of Maryland

So in total, there are 21 potential Democratic Presidential contenders two months before the Midterm Elections of 2026.

Eight on the list are US Senators; Seven are Governors; Three are former Executive appointments; Two are members of the House of Representatives; and former Vice President Kamala Harris finishes the list.

Also, five contenders are from crucial “Swing States”, Georgia (Ossoff, Warnock); Arizona (Kelly, Gallego); and Pennsylvania (Shapiro); and one is from a “red state”, Kentucky (Andy Beshear).

Whether all of this list will actually announce is unlikely, but a large number will do so.

So in summary, the list of contenders are a total of 34, with 21 Democrats and 13 Republicans.

Two Months Before The Midterm Elections Of 2026, The Republican Race For The Presidential Nomination Is In Full Swing!

It is two months until the Midterm Elections Of 2026, but already, it can be said the battle for the Republican Presidential nomination in 2028 is in full swing.

It has been generally assumed that Vice President JD Vance is the clearcut frontrunner, but there are signs that Donald Trump might swing his support to someone else, and Trump’s ultimate endorsement could change the complexion of the race.

It seems that a number of potential candidates are already starting to appeal to Trump, while others seem ready to run even without Trump’s backing.

So considering the reality that Donald Trump is in clear mental decline, and is not in the best health, at any time, Vice President JD Vance could succeed to the Presidency.

If that happens anytime before the primaries in 2028 and the Republican National Convention, Vance would be the clear choice for the nomination.

But if fate keeps Trump in the White House, there are wide possibilities of a large number of potential Republican candidates besides Vance.

The list would include:

Secretary of State Marco Rubio
Secretary of Defense (War) Pete Hegseth
Secretary of Health and Human Services Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.

It would seem all three would be vying for Trump to endorse them, but if they announced, they would have to leave the Cabinet.

Outside the Cabinet, the list would include:

Senator Ted Cruz of Teas
Senator Josh Hawley of Missouri
Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky
Senator Tom Cotton of Arkansas
Governor Ron DeSantis of Florida, who is leaving office in January
Former Governor Glenn Youngkin of Virginia
Governor Brian Kemp of Georgia, who is leaving office in January

Additionally, not in office are:

Donald Trump, Jr.
Tucker Carlson

So the number of potential contenders is, at this point, 13 in number.

Donald Trump’s War On The Environment, Science, Health

President Donald Trump has declared war on the environment, science, and public health.

Trump is trying to allow industrial development and oil and gas leases on public lands, threatening not just the natural beauty of our national parks and other wilderness areas, but also violating the sacred lands of many indigenous tribes.

Trump is also undermining scientific research, through cancellation of grants for scientists, and denial of major research funds for many leading universities.

And Trump, through his diabolical Secretary of Health and Human Services, Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., is putting all Americans’ public health needs, including vaccines, in dire danger.

Already, the disease of Measles, which had been declared no longer a threat to public health decades ago, is showing up in hundreds of cases in many states, due to RFK Jr’s anti vaccine campaign, threatening many children, and already causing some tragic deaths.

The drain by firings and resignations of top environment experts, scientists, and doctors and nurses, is threatening long term damage to areas of public policy, that once were considered inviolable areas to undermine.

Elon Musk and the now ended DOGE (Department Of Government Efficiency) caused massive harm in its aim to cut federal spending, and has helped create the crisis that has developed in these crucial areas of the environment, science, and public health.

Donald Trump Has Gone “Mad” Before Our Eyes!

The United States is in crisis, with the reality that President Donald Trump has gone “Mad” psychologically before our eyes.

He has declared himself ” The Greatest President” above all Presidents, including Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, and Franklin D. Roosevelt.

He has pictured himself as a Pope and a General, and has claimed he looks like Elvis Presley.

He has claimed a great friendship with the late Dolly Parton, posting an AI image of the two walking arm in arm together.

He has, without the authority to do so, changed Lake Ontario’s name to Lake America, and is waging economic warfare against our past “Best Friend”, Canada, which is going to have major deleterious effects on the American economy.

He is refusing to be in NYC on September 11, its 25th Anniversary, because he would not be permitted to give a political speech, an affront to all those firefighters and police who sacrificed their lives on that tragic day in 2001, alongside the 2500 plus citizens who died in the Towers that day.

He tells us he is an “extremely stable genius”, one of a multitude of statements by him, that are clear signs of projection.

He has created disputes and divisions with our long term allies and friends around the world, while cozying up to Russia, China, and North Korea.

The man clearly is a danger to all Americans and the world at large, and yet his Cabinet bows down to him, and never challenges anything he says or does, and neither does members of the Republican Party in Congress, or the right wing majority of the US Supreme Court.

How can one imagine another two plus years of this nightmare Presidency, and not worry about the future?

Donald Trump’s Crazy Ranking Of Presidents, With Him “The Greatest”!

In the midst of what is now six months of the Iran War, along with rising grocery and gasoline prices, and ICE abuses against immigrants who have no criminal record, what does President Donald Trump spend his time on?

Trump posted his “rankings” of Presidents on Truth Social, a totally crazy ranking that puts him at the top above all other Presidents, in a special category: “The Greatest”.

Reality is that Trump ranks at the very bottom of rankings in most scholarly polls, or at most slightly above James Buchanan and Andrew Johnson.

According to Trump, underneath him in ranked order as “Great” are as follows: Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Thomas Jefferson, and Andrew Jackson.

The next ranking “Near Great” includes in ranked order: Theodore Roosevelt, Grover Cleveland, John Adams, and James K. Polk.

The next ranking is “Average” in ranked order as follows: Bill Clinton, John Quincy Adams, James Monroe, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Madison, Martin Van Buren, William Howard Taft, Chester Alan Arthur, William McKinley, Andrew Johnson, Herbert Hoover, and Benjamin Harrison.

The next ranking is “Below Average” in ranked order as follows: John Tyler, Calvin Coolidge, Millard Fillmore, Zachary Taylor, James Buchanan, and Franklin Pierce.

Finally, the last ranking is “Failures” in ranked order as follows:
Joe Biden, Barack Obama, Ulysses S. Grant, Warren G. Harding, and Jimmy Carter.

Trump leaves out 10 Presidents altogether, including some of the most significant 20th Century Presidents, including: Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and George W. Bush, (all Presidents from 1945 to 1993, except Jimmy Carter, plus George W. Bush (2001-2009)), along with the “one month” President, William Henry Harrison.

Trump shows his absolute hatred of Joe Biden, Barack Obama, and Jimmy Carter by ranking them in the bottom five listings, alongside Ulysses S. Grant and Warren G. Harding.

There is so much that is clearly maniacal about Trump’s so called “Ratings”, but he clearly displays his total ignorance and mental deterioration. Trump is demonstrating his total hatred of a half century of Presidents, and his rankings overall are a sign of total dementia having set in, making him a dire danger to American national security, American Democracy, and American economic progress.

All those teachers and college professors who teach American history and American government have a major job on their hands, insuring that students learn the truth and the facts about America’s 45 Presidents.